INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN RUSSIA

Presently the facilities of the electronic processing of data in combination with the devices of automatic authentication of rolling stock (AFI) allows to compare the set values of parameters, characterizing transportations, with the actual parameters, obtained by real cargo tracking. It provides timeliness of delivery of inquiries corrections about rejections or updatings of the turnover plan. AFI systems identify the vehicle's distinctive features and input them into the electronic data processing system. It allows to provide the automatic informing of clients of freight transportations in real time.

Ground-based systems use the reading devices installed along railway lines for identification. Communication with it can be organized through the lines of communication. Infrared and microwave systems, which must meet certain railway requirements, are suitable for data transmission.

Ground-based systems (AFI - T)

Modern microwave systems, that are used for railway application, include the Dynicom system proposed by MSZD, and the Incom system (recommended by the ISO International Organization) used in the UA and for the identification of cargo places.

Comparative characteristics of MSZD system and ISO system

Satellite system (ΑFI - S)

The Russian GLONASS satellite system provides global positioning. GLONASS system accuracy оn the territory of Russia is from 60 ϲм up to one meter.

A unified digital transport and logistics system based on GLONASS will be created within the framework of the Digital Economy program.

GLONASS JSC has existed since 2015 and the first ERA GLONASS project was intended for emergency response systems in case of road accidents.

The project has now been approved by the Government, which will allow it to integrate from road transport to rail transport.

The use of GLONASS in transport logistics will create digital services to control the movement of export- import goods, reduce the time of transit goods at borders with neighbouring countries, including Kazakhstan, Belarus, China, and European Union countries.

The main users of GLONASS satellite information in the system of JSC Russian Railways are units whose activities are related to the preparation and adoption of management decisions on the basis of such information resource as coordinate-time information about the location and parameters of rolling stock movement, location and condition of railway infrastructure facilities of JSC Russian Railways: traffic safety unit, unit of management of transportation; locomotive unit; unit of track and artificial structures; electrification and electricity unit; automation and teleautomatics unit; unit of capital construction; unit of management of property; unit of informatization and corporate management processes; unit of safety of labour and ecology. Nowadays, Russian Railways JSC has developed a set of innovative satellite technologies for the Company 's main activities, the main systems of which are the following: integrated safety and train traffic control systems; systems of control of rolling stock. This system is the first pilot project for the creation of an intelligent dispatching control system, in which the functions "Automatic train management" and "Αuto train driver" are implemented. The first high-speed train Sapsan is equipped with the satellite navigation facilities. Passenger transport safety systems have been developed and are in the stage of mass introduction into satellite passenger train safety and communication systems. To date, 534 long- distance passenger trains have been equipped with satellite navigation and communication equipment on the railway network of JSC Russian Railways, 168 of these trains are connected to the Inmarsat satellite data transmission system.

Systems of road diagnostics and monitoring of infrastructure of railway transport. Unified integrated information and communication infrastructure for the collection and processing of GLONASS/GPS satellite and navigation information based on Russian Railways GIS. To ensure monitoring of rolling stock and railway infrastructure of JSC Russian Railways, a unified information and communication technology infrastructure of JSC Russian Railways is being deployed. The system is based on software and information resources of the unified corporate geographic information system of Russian Railways GIS, which implements uniform rules for the construction of digital models (electronic maps) of railways.

The system is deployed in the structure of the GVC of JSC Russian Railways and its branches on the railway network using the Company 's server capacity and data transmission network. In the above-mentioned systems and technologies, the introduction of GLONASS satellite navigation devices is carried out both by integration into the on-board integrated control device and by installation of GLONASS on-board satellite navigation and communication devices (terminals) on rolling stock facilities. These terminals are complete with hardware and software complexes, including GLONASS or GLONASS/GPS satellite receivers certified in accordance with the established procedure, GSM/GPRS mobile communication facilities (Inmarsat D satellite communication facilities, “Gonets”, etc., can be used as an option) and computer equipment in the form of on-board controllers with a set of buses or telemetry devices for connection of various types of on-board devices. The payback period of almost all listed projects where satellite technologies are used does not exceed two years, and for some projects, for example, mobile rail lubricators, does not exceed one year.

In order to implement the "unified digital transport and logistics environment," it will be necessary to equip all freight cars with special sensors providing data on the technical condition of rolling stock, to introduce a system of equipment control on railways (for timely detection of technical faults). Mandatory insurance for transit freights should be introduced.

The program of digitalization of Russian Railways until 2025 envisages renewal of communication equipment and devices to a single intelligent system of control and automation of production processes in railway transport. The program of the Russian Railway – a part of the federal program for creation of the uniform digital platform of a transport complex (ECPC) which cost will be 450 billion rubles. The ECPC will be established by 2022 and involves the equipment of transit freights going along the Asia-Europe corridor, with a single electronic seal, using GLONASS technology and fully electronic declaration using blockchain technology.

Now the elements of the system are tested: Russia and Kazakhstan install electronic seals on rolling stock using GLONASS (they indicate the digital information about the transported goods). Test samples of RT-invest transport systems are installed free of charge.

Use of the GLONASS satellite technologies in the specified directions will allow: to create uniform coordinate space on all of the railroads of JSC RZD; to provide creation of the reliable mechanism of integration and synchronization of various applied management information systems on the basis of uniform coordinate and time space of GLONASS and corporate information and communication infrastructure of JSC RZD; to create for units and services JSC RZD, and also for independent carriers, operators and owners of the rolling stock a complex of the information services providing the guaranteed opportunity to know in any point on the railroads, at any time and under any weather conditions with high precision of dislocation and parameters of the movement of passenger and cargo trains, including special and dangerous freights, special self-propelled railway vehicles, railway brigades, to control their movement and also to estimate parameters of a condition of on-board systems. The presence of a high- precision navigation field generated by GLONASS/GPS differential correction systems will directly contribute to reducing labor and material costs and time for engineering research, design, construction and operation of railways, and continuous monitoring of spatial parameters of the railway track and other infrastructure will ensure traffic safety and timely measures to prevent and eliminate risks of adverse impact of natural and technogenic processes. Rational use of satellite technologies in the complex of anti-crisis events of JSC Russian Railways will have a positive impact on the reduction of current costs and optimal use of the Company 's resources in a number of key areas of main activity, creating reliable technical potential for further strategic development.