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STRUCTURE OF RUSSIAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM AND TRENDS OF ITS DEVELOPMENT

Авторы:
Город:
Москва
ВУЗ:
Дата:
21 апреля 2018г.

Transport system of our country is a large and complicated system of the means of communication subdivided into public main transport, industrial and city transport. 

Public main transport includes railway, automobile, sea, river, air and pipeline transport.

Industrial transport carries out movements of objects and products of the work in the sphere of production. Transportations in the sphere of circulation are carried out by all public means of transport. Their role and value depends on the sizes of territory of the country, level of its industrial development and other factors. Railway transport in many industrialized countries occupies one of the leading places. It is explained by its universality – an ability to operate with different sectors of economy and satisfy the needs of its customers in travelling regardless of weather and season condition. For this reason, despite rather rapid development of road, air and pipeline transport, for more than 175 years railway transport remains one of the main means of transportation of goods and people. During its existence, the total length of the railroads in the world has reached nearly 1,3 million km point.

In Russia railway carrying out more than 80% of all goods transportation (not including pipeline), and over 40% of passenger within suburban and long-distance travelling. The perspective direction of railway transport development is the high-speed lines transport, capable to compete with air transport.

Speaking of the next mode of transport which plays an important role in economic development of the county, should be mentioned that road transport provides rather high speed of movement and cargo delivery to areas where there are no other means of transport.

It is convenient as it allows to deliver freights directly from the sender to the recipient without overload; it is effective on intercity and long-distance transportations of passengers. However, the amount of turnover of goods in Russia is on only about 7%, while in other countries this number rises up to 75%. At the same time cost of freight and passenger traffic of the motor transport is higher in comparison to other types.

The marine transport provides mainly mass transportation to foreign countries and between ports within the country, located on the coasts of the seas. Shipping are most effective on directions where sea routes are shorter than land routes and where there are no other types of mass transport. For Russia it has the great importance in the northern Siberia and the Far East areas where there are no railroads. The share of the marine transport in goods turnover is about 8%. It has the longest average distance of transportation – nearly 4.5 thousands km. The cost of freight shipping is lower than the other means of transport, and especially at long-distance transportations.

River transport carries out local and long-distant transportations on routes which coincide with an arrangement of the navigable rivers. It has high carrying ability, while the cost of river transportation is lower than most of other means of transport. The amount of river transport turnover of goods is only 2%. Nevertheless, an essential flaw of river transport of Russia is its short duration of operation due to the season changing and low speeds of the movement.

Air transport is the fastest type of transport which is mostly used for short and long-distance passenger travelling with its rather low carrying capacity. Functioning of air transport is highly affected by weather conditions. The cost of air transport is much higher than on other means of transport.

Pipeline transport is the newest type of all means of transport. It is mainly used for oil, oil products and natural gas transportation, participating in almost half of all turnover of goods in Russia. It almost doesn't depend on weather conditions, capable to transport liquid and gaseous products on very long distances, and is rather cheap type of transport.

City transport provides travelling within city areas and includes subway, trolleybuses, trams, buses, taxi, trucks, etc.

A vivid example of development of city transport and its integration with main transport is Moscow Central Circle.

MCC is part of the transport system of the future of the capital. It gives the city an alternative to the choice of new routes, reduces the load on the metro and train stations in the city center and makes a trip around Moscow shorter by 20 minutes. MCC appeared in the capital on September 10, 2016. You do not have to wait for the train more than 6 minutes. You can change for the subway for free. Platforms are open to passengers from 05:30 to 01:00. MCC has 31 stations. The total length of the circle is 54 kilometers. The fence runs along the entire perimeter of MCC, which prevents illegal access to the railway tracks. The total length of the fence is 108 km.

MCC served the industrial zones and mainly performed the function of transporting goods starting from 1908. Then many industrial territories around this circle were emptied, some manufactures closed. Some industrial zones were used as warehouses. Those territories are being reorganized now, houses are being built there with social facilities, sports complexes, etc. Developing territories require convenient transport links.

The launch of passenger traffic on MCC solves the problem of transport support for industrial zones. In addition, circle connected suburban railway trains and electric trains with MCC stations. Passengers can, without reaching the city center, take MCC trains and move throughout the territory of Moscow. The load on the main branches of the metro will decrease by more than 15% (mainly the Circle Line and the central interchange stations).

All MCC stations were built in the form of transport and transfer junctions. They will contain offices, shopping complexes, shops and cafes. This concept is in the interests of investors, who need to recoup investment in construction, and in the interests of citizens.

A train of the new generation "Lastochka" drives the railway circle. These trains speed up to 160 km / h, but they do not give "noisy inconveniences" to the citizens. Each train consists of 5 cars. The total capacity of each car is 1200 passengers. The train is equipped with noiseless traction reducers, noise-absorbing suspension, wagon carriages with disc brakes with overlays of special composite materials. The salons have air conditioning and electrical outlets. In the salons of trains most of the seats are soft chairs. All trains of the city electric train are assigned to the motor-car depot TCH-96 Podmoskovnaya, built specifically for the maintenance and repair of the electric trains "Lastochka" near the station of the Riga direction of the Moscow Railway Podmoskovnaya in the Moscow area "Aeroport" near the metro Sokol. Travelling from the depot and in the depot is carried out by the electrified in 2016 connecting branch Podmoskovnaya - Serebryanniy bor.

MCC Advantages are:

·          Urban areas get closer

·          There is less congested movement in the city center

·          A transport network with multiple transfers has been created

·          Metro lines became freer

·          There is less congested movement at the Kazan station (by 30%), at the Kursk station (by 40 %), at the Leningrad station (by 20%), at the Yaroslavl station (by 20%).

·          The information is translated into English which is comfortable for tourists

For five areas MCC is the first public transports independent from the weather and traffic jams.

 

 

References

 

1.        http://mosmetro.ru/mcc/

2.        https://stroi.mos.ru/mkzhd

3.        http://www.the-village.ru/village/city/transport/244281-mck